We suggest students work in groups of four. Homeschool students will need a partner to play the Eat or Be Eaten game as it is designed for 2 to 4 players.

Each group of players will need enough table space to lay out their cards as they form food chains. Clusters of student desks work well for this.

We've provided some Teacher Tips to help you guide your students and answer any clarifying questions about how the game is played.

We suggest students work in pairs. Homeschool students can work on their own.

This lesson presents a series of virtual activities so that students can gather evidence and make a claim about what plants use for their growth: soil, water, or air. Each student needs a Plant Matter Mystery worksheet for the duration of the lesson.

Plan Your Time

If you have limited time, you can divide this lesson into two sessions. We have marked a natural stopping point after students gather evidence about soil and water.

Part 1: Soil & Water Experiments.

Part 2: Air Experiments & Making a Claim begins here. Students will need the Weighing Air worksheet in Part 2.

We suggest students work in pairs. You will need access to water if you are preparing the classroom demo.

Prepare Classroom Demo

In Step 11, you have the option to show your students what happens to leaves after it rains. You need a cup of water, a plastic plate, and the torn up leaf pieces from the activity. Pour the water onto the model leaves and swirl them around for a few seconds. You and your students can feel the wet leaf pieces to gain a hands-on understanding of how the rain contributes to the decomposition process. We show what happens in Step 12, but preparing this demo creates a memorable, tactile experience!

Prepare Worksheets

Cut each of your Solve the Case worksheets in half. Each student will need a 1/2 sheet. We suggest distributing these in Step 18 of the activity.

We suggest students work in groups of four. Students will share supplies with their group in Part 1 and share experiment ideas with their group in Part 2. Homeschool students can work on their own.

You will need access to water for this activity.

Plan Your Time

You may want to divide this activity into two sessions.

Part 1 (observing a worm) takes 15 to 20 minutes.

Part 2 (experimenting with worms) takes another 20 to 25 minutes. Part 2 begins here.

Source Your Worms

Red worms (also known as red wigglers) can be purchased from a garden store or ordered by mail from a variety of online sources. We recommend ordering from Uncle Jim's Worm Farm. At bait shops, you can sometimes find red worms, but more commonly you’ll find earthworms. The bigger red worms are great for observations and in the natural habitat, they burrow deep in the soil, making red worms a better choice if you want to make a worm bin. Red worms live in the top layers of the soil, feeding on decomposing leaves and organic debris.

Prepare the Construction Paper

Cut each sheet of black construction paper into eight pieces.

Divide Supplies Into Part 1 and Part 2

For Part 1, each student needs 1 paper towel, 1 paper plate, a small piece of black construction paper, and a Worm Watcher worksheet. Each table group of four students will also need a cup of water, a spoon, and a few extra paper towels.

For students that don't feel comfortable touching worms, you can provide plastic gloves.

For Part 2, students will need all supplies from Part 1. In addition, each student needs another dry paper towel, another clean paper plate, and the Ask A Worm worksheet.

Set Up a Temporary Worm Bin

Once you purchase your worms, you’ll need to make a temporary worm bin. To make a temporary worm bin, you’ll need a large plastic bin, worm bedding, and some water. First, add a layer of worm bedding that’s at least 2 inches deep into the large plastic bin. Then, wet the worm bedding until it’s thoroughly damp but not soggy. Finally, add your worms.

This worm bin can serve both as temporary housing for your worms and as a place that students can conduct worm experiments, using the approach we describe in the final video of the lesson.

Your temporary worm bin can house your worms for a few weeks. Feed the worms by burying fruit and vegetable scraps (the smaller the better) in their bedding. Worms will eat apple cores, carrot peels, and browning lettuce, but avoid adding lots of orange peels -- they’re too acidic. Worms eat about 3 times their weight in food each week. Keep the bedding moist. Some recommend punching holes in the top of the bin, but our worms have done fine without that. Fluff up the bedding every week or so to make sure the worms get enough air.

Set Up Worm Stations

During the activity, each student will observe a worm. We recommend that you set up Worm Stations where students can obtain a worm, wash off the soil, and then bring it back to their desks for observation. For a class of 32, we recommend setting up four Worm Stations. For each Worm Station, dig a dozen worms out of your worm bin. The easiest technique is to wear a rubber glove and dig with your hand. The worms will congregate wherever you last placed food. Check out this video to see how easy it is to set up a Worm Station.

To set up a Worm Station:

• Cover a table with plastic or newspaper.
• Fill a cup with water and place it on the table.
• Put two spoons, one plastic plate, and one of the small plastic containers on the table.
• Right before you do the activity, add some of the worms and soil from your temporary worm bin.

Make a Permanent Worm Bin or Release Your Worms

Our focus is on designing an experiment. Though we don’t include time for students to carry out their experiments as part of this class session, we encourage teachers and students to complete their experiments on their own, using a temporary worm bin. If you want to let students carry out the experiments they design, additional supplies will depend on the experiments they come up with.

NOTE: Worms can be a great addition to your garden, but they are not a good addition to a forest habitat. In a forest, worms devour the leaf litter that native plants and animals depend on. To protect the forest, do not dump your worms in a forest or woodland. Find a gardener who will welcome them as an addition to their compost bin — or start a compost bin of your own.

In Part 1 of this activity, students will work in pairs. In Part 2 of this activity, students will work in groups of four to play the Big Fish game. Homeschool students can work on their own for Part 1, but will need a few friends in order to play the game.

Plan Your Time

Part 1 (building an ecosystem) takes 10 to 15 minutes. Part 2 (playing the game) takes at least 20 minutes.

You may want to divide this lesson into two sessions, stopping after Part 1 and continuing with the game at a later point. If you plan to do the activity in two sessions, the group game begins at Step 12.

Sort Materials for Part 1 and Part 2

Divide your materials into two piles.

For Part 1, you’ll need:

• Half of the Fish-O-Meter printouts
• Big Fish Ecosystem Cards
• scissors
• binder clips (optional)

For Part 2, you’ll need:

• the rest of your Fish-O-Meters (so each student has one)
• Check the Pond
• Pick-a-Card/Discard Pile/How to Play
• Action Cards
• scissors

Planning for Two Sessions

If you want to do Part 1 and Part 2 on different days, you can keep materials organized by having each pair of students clip their cards, their Fish-O-Meter, their pointer, and their worksheets together with a binder clip at the end of Part 1.

When you are doing Part 2, start by giving each pair of students their materials from Part 1. Then have pairs get together to make groups of four and distribute the additional worksheets.

We suggest students play the game in groups of three.

Prepare Cups with Bingo Chips

Place 60 bingo chips into each cup. Each team of 3 students needs a cup with bingo chips.

Prepare Decks of Cards

Print out the four pages of Progress Cards and cut along all the dotted lines. If you have a paper cutter, this will make this task easy. Each group of three students needs a deck of cards, so you can place each deck into an envelope or secure together with a binder clip for easy distribution.

Organize Group Materials

Once all the cards are prepared, each group of three students will need a Map of Laketown (2 pages), Prevent It projects (2 pages), Consequences, Bloom Busters Rules, the Deck Mat, and the deck of Progress Cards (52 cards total).

Laminate (Optional)

Once all paper game pieces are cut out and prepared, you can optionally laminate them for future use!

Teacher Background

This lesson focuses on green algal blooms, but algae come in a variety of colors. So depending on where you live, you may be more familiar with different types of harmful algae blooms, such as “red tide”.

We suggest students work in pairs. Homeschool students can work on their own.

Each pair of students needs an area that’s about 2 feet by 3 feet for their completed food web. Plan for enough space. Students can work at desks, tables, or on the floor.

Access to a paper cutter will make your activity prep really easy.

Prepare Connector Strips

If you have access to a paper cutter, we suggest you use one to prepare these construction paper strips.

Cut the black construction paper into strips measuring 3” by ¾”.

Cut your colored construction paper into strips measuring about 4” by ¾”.